Item 8.01Item 8.01 - Other Events
Item 8.01 Other Events.
Updated Pre-Feasibility Study and Technical Report Summary for the Granite Creek Underground Project
On September 21, 2026, the Company provided the SEC Technical Report Summary, Pre-Feasibility Study, Granite Creek, Humboldt County, NV for its Granite Creek Underground Project, dated September 21, 2026 with an effective date of March 31, 2026, ( the “PFS”) prepared in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission S-K regulations (Title 17, Part 229, Items 601 and 1300 through 1305) for the Company by the following third-party qualified persons: SRK Consulting (U.S.), Inc., Global Resource Engineering, Practical Mining LLC, TR Raponi Consulting Ltd., Hatch Associates Consultants, Inc., and WSP USA Inc. The PFS was also prepared by Kenji Umeno, and employee of the Company. None of the third-party qualified persons are affiliated with the Company or any other entity that has an ownership, royalty, or other interest in the property.
Mineral resources and mineral reserves are reported using the definitions in Subpart 229.1300 - Disclosure by Registrants Engaged in Mining Operations in Regulation S-K 1300 (“S-K 1300”). All capital and operating cost estimates meet the requirements of S-K 1300. Unless otherwise indicated, all financial values are reported in United States dollars. Totals may not sum correctly due to rounding.
The information below is based on, or extracted from, the SEC Technical Report Summary, Pre-Feasibility Study, Granite Creek, Humboldt County, NV, dated September 21, 2026 with an effective date of March 31, 2026.
Table 1: Granite Creek Underground PFS Key Operating and Financial Metrics
Project Economics Unit
Gold Price $/oz $2,750
Pre-Tax NPV(5%)(3) $M $138
After-Tax NPV(5%)(3) $M $118
After-Tax Cash Flow(3) $M $153
Production Profile
Mine Life years 8.5
Total Ore Mined 000s tonnes 2,172
Mined Ore Grade g/t Au 7.88
Total Stockpile Processed 000s tonnes 26
Total Ore Processed 000s tonnes 2,198
Gold Grade Processed g/t Au 7.87
Total Gold Contained 000s oz 556
Average Gold Recovery % 87%
Total Gold Recovered 000s oz 485
Average Annual Gold Production (2028-2032) 000s oz 75.1
Average Annual Gold Production (LOM) 000s oz 53.9
Unit Operating Costs
LOM Operating Cost
Mining (ore and waste) $/t mined $182
Processing (refractory and oxide) $/t milled $122
Transportation & Power Costs $/t milled $31
Surface Op Costs $/t mined $54
G&A, Taxes and Royalties(7) $/t milled $71
Total Cash Costs - LOM(4) $/oz $2,076
Total Cash Costs - (2028-2032)(4) $/oz $1,827
All-in Sustaining Costs - LOM(4,5) $/oz $2,273
(Excl. Lone Tree Refurbishment Capital)
All-in Sustaining Costs - (2028-2032)(4,5) $/oz $1,915
(Excl. Lone Tree Refurbishment Capital)
Total Capital Costs
Sustaining Capital $M $82.9
Lone Tree Autoclave Capital Allocation $M $49.3
Closure Costs $M $12.7
Total Capital & Closure Costs $M $144.9
For detailed metrics presented on an annual basis, see the Granite Creek Underground Detailed Cash Flow Model in Table 1 in the Appendix.
Initial Mineral Reserve Estimate and Updated Mineral Resource Estimate
The updated underground mineral resource estimate included in the PFS incorporates approximately 36,470 meters of drilling from 164 core holes conducted between 2023 through the end of 2025, relative to the resource estimate that formed the basis of the PEA published in March 2025. (1) The PEA has been superseded by this PFS. Numerous step-out drill holes have resulted in a larger mineralized envelope, while infill drilling increased definition and confidence in the mineral resource and supported conversion of a majority of the resource to mineral reserves.
The resource estimate was prepared using stope optimization software which is in line with industry recommended best practices for the assessment of the in-situ mineralization which satisfies the reporting criteria of the Reasonable Prospects for Eventual Economic Extraction (RPEEE). Additionally, a more conservative approach was applied to establish the creation of grade shell domains to match current mining methods, resulting in lower grades than in the previously published PEA. These updated grades are in line with the average grade currently mined at Granite Creek and are believed to more accurately reflect the expected grades of the orebody.
For more information regarding the estimation parameters and assumptions of the mineral resources and mineral reserves, please see Sections 11 and 12 of the PFS, respectively.
Exploration
The ongoing 2026 exploration program includes a combination of infill drilling to support continued reserve development for optimized ongoing mine operations and step-out drilling to expand the current and known mineralization within the South Pacific Zone, which remains open to the north and at depth, and the Rangefront, Otto, and Ogee zones.
Additional near-mine exploration targets include the CX Zone beneath the historical CX pit, which is not currently included in the underground mineral resource. Previous drilling in the CX Zone includes high-grade intercepts from legacy holes, including 18.0 g/t Au over 9.1 m in hole HPR 078 and 15.3 g/t Au over 9.1 m in RHC-1763, and i-80 hole of 36.4 g/t Au over 9.1 m in iGM21-06. (8) A successful drill program in the CX Zone has the potential to add high-grade ounces to the mineral resource and near-term mine plan. The Company intends to evaluate the high-grade portion of the CX Zone as an underground target as part of an anticipated extensive multi-year drill program planned to commence in 2027. Multiple near-mine targets are still to be evaluated over a multi-year drill program with the potential to extend the mine life.
Table 2: Granite Creek Underground Mineral Reserve Estimate as of March 31, 2026(2)
Mineral Reserves
Classification Domain Tonnage Au Grade Au Contained
(000s tonnes) (g/t) (000s oz)
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Proven Ogee 71 9.34 21.2
Otto 171 7.04 38.7
South Pacific 40 11.21 14.5
Stockpile 26 7.33 6.2
Total 308 8.13 80.6
Probable Ogee 88 7.95 22.4
Otto 366 6.70 78.8
South Pacific 1,437 8.11 374.7
Total 1,890 7.83 475.9
Proven and Probable Ogee 158 8.57 43.6
Otto 537 6.81 117.6
South Pacific 1,477 8.19 389.2
Stockpile 26 7.33 6.2
Total 2,198 7.87 556.5
Notes:
All figures are rounded to reflect the relative accuracy of the estimates. Totals may not sum due to rounding. Mineral Reserves have been stated on the basis of a mine design, mine plan, and economic model.
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Mineral Reserves are reported using a stope center of gravity (“CoG”) range of 4.42 g/t (0.13 oz/st) Au – 6.41 g/t (0.19 oz/st) Au and an incremental processing CoG range of 1.51 g/t (0.04 oz/st) Au – 2.91 g/t (0.09 oz/st) Au depending on the processing method. The CoG calculations assume a US$2,500/oz Au price, and 60% to 92% metallurgical recovery depending on the processing method applied.
Operating costs include mining (US$190.18/tonne), processing (US$59.94/tonne to US$131.13/tonne), G&A (US$22.29/tonne), shipping costs (US$16.04/tonne). Additionally, a 6% royalty and 0.75% excise tax are applied, along with treatment/refinery charges of US$1.85/oz Au.
The reserves are mined using the underhand drift and fill method with cemented waste rock backfill. Mining dilution of 10% is included in the reserve at zero grade.
Stockpile mineral reserves reflect ore mined and placed on surface stockpiles prior to the effective date of the PFS and not yet processed.
The Mineral Reserves were estimated by SRK Consulting, U.S. (Inc.), a Qualified Person under S-K 1300.
All reported underground mineral reserves are fully attributable to the Company. The point of reference for the reporting of mineral reserves is the in-situ diluted tonnage and grades contained within the Mine Design, which accounts for the modifying factors.
Table 3: Exclusive Mineral Resource Statement for Granite Creek Underground - Effective Date March 31, 2026
Mineral Resource Estimate
Classification Zone Mass Mass Au Grade Material Attributable
Content Au Material Content
(000s Attributable (g/t)
Au (000s oz)
(000s oz)
tonnes) (000s
tonnes)
Measured Ogee 175 175 6.82 38.4 38.3
Otto 166 166 5.58 29.7 29.7
SPZ 31 31 6.44 6.5 6.5
Total 372 372 6.23 74.6 74.5
Indicated Ogee 241 241 6.52 50.6 50.6
Otto 425 425 5.23 71.5 71.5
SPZ 771 771 4.70 116.6 116.6
Total 1,438 1,438 5.16 238.6 238.6
Measured & Indicated Ogee 417 417 6.64 89.0 89.9
Otto 591 591 5.32 101.2 101.2
SPZ 803 803 4.77 123.1 123.1
Total 1,810 1,810 5.38 313.3 313.1
Inferred Ogee 38 38 6.71 8.3 8.3
Otto 417 417 7.62 102.0 102.0
SPZ 415 405 6.49 86.6 83.9
Total 871 860 7.04 197.0 194.2
Notes:
Mineral Resources, which are not Mineral Reserves, do not have demonstrated economic viability. The estimate of Mineral Resources may be materially affected by environmental, permitting, legal, title, market or other relevant issues. The deposit has been classified as Measured, Indicated and Inferred based on confidence in the geological model and drill spacing. The quantity and grade of reported Inferred resources are uncertain in nature, and there has not been sufficient work to define ...
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Mineral Resources are reported on an exclusive basis with units reported in in Metric Tonnes, grade is reported in grams/tonnes, and metal in 000’s troy ounces.
Mineral Resources are reported within mineable stopes which have been defined based on metal price assumptions,* variable metallurgical recovery assumptions, mining costs, processing costs, shipping, G&A costs. Metal Pricing is based on Gold (US$3,000 /oz). Other key assumptions include:
Mining Costs (US$/t 190.18);
Autoclave Processing Cost (US$/t 131.13), Low-grade Oxide (US$/t 59.94)
Autoclave Recoveries ranging 77.6%-93.4% (average 87.6%) and Oxide recoveries ranging 60.0%-87.4% (average 68.9%);
Shipping Costs (US$/t 16.04) and G&A Costs (US$/t 22.29);
Totaling US$/t 281.45 – 359.64 for underground mining and processing;
Based on the variable recoveries an average cut-off grade of 3.75 - 9.81 g/t (0.286 oz/st) has been used reporting.
Mineral Resources have been depleted for previous underground mining activity, and reported on an attributable basis.
Mineral Resources are based on validated data, which have been subjected to quality analysis/quality control (QA/QC) analysis, using capped, composited samples at 2 m (5ft) intervals. Estimation has been completed using a combination of OK and IDW estimation methodologies and classified based on confidence in the underlying data and drill spacing. Mineral resource tonnages have been rounded to reflect the precision of the estimate.
The mineral resources were estimated by SRK Consulting (U.S.), Inc.
Rounding of some figures may lead to minor discrepancies in totals.
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The point of reference for the reporting of mineral resources is the in-situ diluted tonnage and grades contained within the defined mineable stope optimizer limits.
Table 4: Granite Creek Open Pit Mineral Resource Statement
Deposit Cutoff Mass Mass Mass Au Au Au Attributable
Grade (000’s tonnes) (000’s short tons) Attributable Grade Grade Contained Material Content
(ppm) (000’s tonnes) (g/t) (opt) (‘000s tr oz) Au (000’s tr oz)
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Measured
Pit B 0.2 3,900 4,299 3,575 1.06 0.031 133.49 122.37
Pit A 0.2 1,098 1,211 1,007 0.71 0.021 25.08 22.99
CX 0.2 13,493 14,873 12,835 1.10 0.032 478.41 454.02
Mag 0.2 15,055 16,596 14,703 1.03 0.030 499.50 487.90
Total 33,546 36,978 32,121 1.05 0.031 1,136.47 1,087.28
Indicated
Pit B 0.2 823 907 754 0.64 0.019 16.86 15.45
Pit A 0.2 969 1,069 889 0.68 0.020 21.06 19.30
CX 0.2 4,423 4,876 4,189 1.00 0.029 141.96 133.03
Mag 0.2 11,509 12,687 11,415 0.74 0.022 275.03 272.53
Total 17,725 19,538 17,247 0.80 0.023 454.91 440.32
Measured + Indicated
Pit B 0.2 4,723 5,206 4,329 0.99 0.029 150.34 137.82
Pit A 0.2 2,068 2,280 1,896 0.69 0.020 46.13 42.29
CX 0.2 17,916 19,749 17,024 1.08 0.031 620.37 587.05
Mag 0.2 26,565 29,283 26,119 0.91 0.026 774.53 760.43
Total 51,271 56,517 49,368 0.97 0.028 1,591.38 1,527.60
Inferred
Pit B 0.2 50 55 46 0.52 0.015 0.84 0.77
Pit A 0.2 440 485 403 0.44 0.013 6.22 5.70
CX 0.2 1,997 2,201 1,921 0.94 0.028 60.66 58.24
Mag 0.2 1,339 1,476 1,320 0.75 0.022 32.12 31.69
Total 3,826 4,217 3,689 0.81 0.024 99.84 96.40
The effective date of the Mineral Resources Estimate is March 31, 2026
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The Qualified Persons for the estimate is GRE.
Mineral resources are not ore reserves and are not demonstrably economically recoverable.
Mineral resources are reported at a 0.20 g/t cutoff, an assumed gold price of 3,000 $/tr. oz, using variable recovery, a slope angle of 41 degrees, 6% royalty, heap leach processing cost $9.04 per tonne (includes admin), CIL processing cost of $17.22 per tonne (includes admin). The point of reference for the reporting of open pit Mineral Resources is the tonnage and grades contained within the Whittle pit shell limits, reported at a 0.20 g/t cut-off grade using variable metallurgical recove
Attributable resources are those resources excluding certain thrid party claims in the Pinson #1A-18A unpatented mining claims and in the Section 28 Fee lands.
Figure 3: Granite Creek Underground Project Plan View
Figure 4: Granite Creek Underground Longitudinal Section
Project Overview
Granite Creek Underground is a fully permitted, constructed and operating gold mine currently ramping up towards steady-state production. It is the first brownfield project to be redeveloped under the Company’s development plan. The broader Granite Creek property (the “Property”) also hosts the Granite Creek open pit oxide deposit adjacent to the underground mine, which is currently advancing through early-stage permitting and technical work. Situated in the Potosi mining district, the Property lies approximately 43 kilometers northeast of Winnemucca, within Humboldt County, Nevada at the intersection of the highly prolific Battle Mountain-Eureka and Getchell gold trends.
Since 1980, the Property has produced approximately one million ounces of gold from both underground and open pit mining. The current underground minerals resources are primarily hosted adjacent to, but independent of, the past-producing open pits on the Property. Additionally, the Property hosts the Mag and CX oxide open pit resources.
Figure 5: Regional Map of i-80 Gold Assets in Northern Nevada
Geology and Mineralization
Mineralization at Granite Creek Underground is Carlin-type, with gold hosted in fine-grained arsenian pyrite similar to the nearby deposit at the Turquoise Ridge Complex. The primary host rocks at the Project are interbedded shale, siltstone, and limestone of the Ordovician Comus Formation. Higher-grade mineralization is found underground, proximal to the Cretaceous Osgood Mountains stock where the Comus Formation has been metamorphosed to marble and hornfels. Mineralization is strongly structurally controlled, typically by inverted thrust faults trending north to northeast. The Company has conducted significant exploration since acquiring the property in 2021 which led to the discovery of the South Pacific Zone, a northeastern extension of the existing underground deposit.
Mining
Granite Creek Underground is currently ramping up production and is expected to achieve commercial production in late 2026. The mine currently produces approximately 540 tonnes of ore per day and is operated by a local mining contractor with more than three decades of underground mining experience in northern Nevada. The mining rate is expected to rise to approximately 900 tonnes per day at full production supporting higher gold production. The PFS outlines an updated mine life of approximately 8.5 years with annual steady state gold production of approximately 75,000 ounces. The PFS incorporates the Project’s current operating costs, outlined in Table 6 and the Appendix.
Underground access is through portals located in the north wall of the CX pit. The main decline provides personnel and equipment access to all areas of the mine and can accommodate 30-ton haul trucks. Mining will be conducted using underhand drift and fill methods with cemented waste rockfill optimized for the Project’s ground conditions. Production drifts are 15 feet x 15 feet with a 14% decline. Mining of the Ogee and Otto zones are between the 4,790-foot level and 4,150-foot level and the decline to the South Pacific Zone is developed to the 3,950-foot level. Fresh air comes in from a fresh air portal at the bottom of the CX pit and is connected to the various workings through raises. The haulage ramp serves as an exhaust drift.
Production drift widths will be maintained at 15 feet or less to minimize dilution and enhance recovery. Underhand drift and fill mining is well suited for the ground conditions at the Project and allows for a high degree of selectivity, productivity, and safety for mine personnel. This mining method also results in backfill with superior geotechnical quality compared to the in-situ rock.
Processing
Metallurgical testing has demonstrated that the Ogee, Otto and South Pacific zones at Granite Creek Underground contain predominantly single refractory material and require an oxidation process to increase gold extraction using cyanidation. While samples responded to both alkaline and acid pressure oxidation, significant metallurgical testing has demonstrated that an acidic autoclave environment achieved higher sulfide oxidation and superior gold recovery rates. These results confirm that the Project’s ore can be processed via the Lone Tree Plant’s acid pressure oxidation (“POX”) conditions once the Plant is recommissioned.
The PFS incorporates an updated processing strategy that assumes third-party toll milling arrangements and associated over-the-road trucking costs through to mid-2027. To maximize the proportion of Granite Creek Underground sulfide material processed at the Company’s Lone Tree Plant and reduce reliance on third-party processing, the mine plan assumes the stockpiling of sulfide refractory material beginning approximately six months prior to the planned commissioning of the Company’s wholly owned Lone Tree Plant in late 2027. Beginning in 2028, the PFS incorporates the anticipated lower processing costs associated with hauling refractory ore and processing it through the Lone Tree Plant. (6) The acidic environment has higher operating costs versus alkaline, however, the higher costs are mostly offset by higher recoveries. The PEA envisaged a combination of acidic and alkaline operating environment.
Oxide mineralization is present in all zones within all deposits. Mine operations to date have encountered a higher proportion of oxide ore than what has been defined in the resource estimate and PFS. The oxide mineralization not accounted for in the PFS presents an opportunity to process this material in the Lone Tree Plant throughout the LOM with lower overall operating costs. Work is underway to determine the cost benefit. The PFS only incorporates a small component of oxide mineralization in the Ogee Zone. Oxide ore will be sold to a third party under an existing sales agreement until mid-2027 and then stockpiled similarly to the refractory ore. The oxide ore will be processed directly by the carbon-in-leach (“CIL”) circuit at the Lone Tree Plant, bypassing the POX circuit.
Ore at Granite Creek Underground is screened before shipping to remove oversize material, reducing the tonnes shipped and processed while increasing the grade delivered for processing. The potential economic benefits of this practice continue to be evaluated and were not incorporated into the PFS, representing a potential opportunity for future optimization.
A LOM processing schedule is illustrated in Figure 6.
Table 6: LOM Mining and Processing Unit Costs
LOM Mining and Processing Unit Costs
Mining (ore and waste) $/t mined $182
Surface Op Costs $/t mined $54
Processing - Lone Tree Autoclave $/t milled $105
Processing - Lone Tree Oxide $/t milled $34
Transportation $/t milled $16
Power Costs $/t milled $15
G&A $/t milled $23
Taxes and Royalties(7) $/t milled $49
Total $/t milled $458
Note to table above:
Numbers may not add up due to rounding and differences in $/t mined vs $/t milled.
Figure 6: LOM Annual Processing Schedule
Hydrology Update
Water inflow volumes to the mine have stabilized and continue to be managed well using the current underground pumping system, which presently operates near capacity. Work on an enhanced pumping system, that includes expanded sumps at lower levels and higher-capacity pumps, continues to advance. Pump installation will continue throughout the remainder of 2026 to increase overall water discharge capacity as the mine progresses at depth. The current dewatering model estimates residual passive inflow into Granite Creek will exceed 2,500 to 2,700 gallons per minute until the additional dewatering wells advance below the current workings. The second water treatment plant has been constructed and is currently in commissioning, which is expected to increase surface water treatment capacity by approximately 3,500 gallons per minute to support the Company’s long-term groundwater management objectives.
Capital Costs
LOM sustaining capital is estimated at $82.9 million, including all surface and underground development. A Lone Tree Plant refurbishment capital allocation of $49.3 million, as well as a closure and reclamation costs of $12.7 million are also included in the total PFS LOM capital cost (see Table 7). The Lone Tree autoclave refurbishment capital allocation of $49.3 million has been derived using a $25.97/tonne charge multiplied by the estimated total potential tonnage expected to be processed at the Lone Tree Plant (1.9 Mt) in the future from Granite Creek Underground.
Table 7: LOM Capital Cost Summary
LOM Capital ($Millions)
Underground Mine Capital $60.7
Surface Mine Capital* $22.2
Sustaining Capital $82.9
Lone Tree Plant Refurbishment Capital Allocation $49.3
Closure and Reclamation Costs $12.7
Total Capital $144.9
Surface mine capital includes approximately $5.6 million of capitalized costs in connection with underground mine development.
Operating Costs
During the five years of steady-state production following the commissioning of the Company’s wholly-owned Lone Tree Plant (2028 to 2032), the PFS estimates cash costs(4) of $1,827/oz Au and all-in sustaining costs(4,5) of $1,915/oz Au (see Table 8).
During the LOM, the PFS estimates cash costs(1) of $2,076/oz Au and all-in sustaining costs(4,5) of $2,273/oz Au, which includes the earlier period of third-party toll milling prior to Lone Tree’s commissioning and the final two years when production is currently expected to wind down (see Table 8).
Table 8 outlines the operating costs during the first five years of steady-state production following the commencement of processing at the Lone Tree Plant, excluding the earlier years of third-party toll processing and the final two years of the LOM.
The annual cash waterfall above in Figures 7 and 8 demonstrates the importance of the planned refurbishment of the Company’s Lone Tree Plant and the ending of third-party toll milling, which is expected to increase production and cash flow beginning in 2028 once commissioned. Figure 9 illustrates operating costs over the Project’s estimated production profile.
Table 8: Total and Unit Operating Cost Summary: Five-Year Steady-State Period Following Lone Tree Plant Commissioning
2028 - 2032 Total Costs Unit Cost Cost per Ounce
Cost Analysis ($Millions) ($/t) ($/oz Au)
(Base Case Scenario of $2,750/oz Au)
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Mining (Ore and Waste) $271 $172/t mined $721
Processing (Refractory and Oxide) $177 $104/t milled $470
Transportation & Power Costs $48 $29/t milled $129
Surface Op Costs $77 $49/t mined $206
G&A, Taxes and Royalties(7) $113 $67/t milled $301
Total Operating Cost/Cash Costs(4) $686 $405/t milled $1,827
Sustaining Capital $33 $20/t milled $89
Lone Tree Plant Refurbishment Capital Allocation $41 $26/t milled* $108
Closure Costs $0 $0/t milled $0
All-in Sustaining Costs(4) $760 $449/t milled $2,023
All-in Sustaining Costs(4,5) $720 $425/t milled $1,915
(Excluding Lone Tree Plant Refurbishment Capital)
Notes to table above:
Numbers may not add up due to rounding and differences in $/t mined vs $/t milled.
Based solely on tonnes milled through the Lone Tree autoclave.
Table 9: Total and Unit Operating Cost Summary: LOM
LOM Total Costs Unit Cost Cost per Ounce
Cost Analysis ($Millions) ($/t ) ($/oz Au)
(Base Case Scenario of $2,750/oz Au)
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Mining (Ore and Waste) $396 $182/t mined $816
Processing (Refractory and Oxide) $268 $122/t milled $552
Transportation & Power Costs $69 $31/t milled $142
Surface Op Costs $118 $54/t mined $243
G&A, Taxes and Royalties(7) $157 $71/t milled $323
Total Operating Cost/Cash Costs(4) $1,008 $458/t milled $2,076
Sustaining Capital $83 $38/t milled $171
Lone Tree Plant Refurbishment Allocation $49 $26/t milled* $102
Closure Costs $13 $6/t milled $26
All-in Sustaining Costs(4) $1,153 $524/t milled $2,375
All-in Sustaining Costs(4,5) $1,103 $502/t milled $2,273
(Excluding Lone Tree Plant Refurbishment Capital)
Notes to table above:
Numbers may not add up due to rounding and differences in $/t mined vs $/t milled.
Based solely on tonnes milled through the Lone Tree autoclave.
Figure 9: LOM Production and Cost Profile (Excluding Lone Tree Plant Refurbishment Capital Allocation)
Permitting
The Granite Creek Underground mine is fully permitted. The primary focus for the operations remains compliance and reporting requirements associated with existing site permits. Other than potential minor modifications to existing site permits for operational purposes, no other major permitting actions are expected in the foreseeable future.
Technical Disclosure and Qualified Persons
The PFS focuses solely on pre-feasibility-level technical work for Granite Creek Underground. The PFS does not update the work in the March 2025 PEA in respect of the Granite Creek open pit other than an updated mineral resource estimate, which remains subject to separate ongoing technical studies and permitting activities. The updated Granite Creek open pit mineral resource estimate included in the PFS accounted for an increase in gold price resulting in a larger optimized pit shell, equating to an increase in the overall open pit mineral resource inventory.
The PFS will contain detailed descriptions of data verification, sampling and assay procedures, quality assurance and quality control measures, key assumptions, parameters, risks and other factors supporting the mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates and the economic analysis. Inferred mineral resources are too speculative geologically to have economic considerations applied to them that would enable them to be categorized as mineral reserves. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability, and there is no certainty that the results of the PFS will be realized.
Endnotes
(1) A Preliminary Economic Assessment/Initial Assessment (“PEA”) on the Granite Creek Property was previously prepared by the Company in accordance with S-K 1300, filed in March 2025. The PFS focuses solely on feasibility-level technical work for Granite Creek Underground and does not update the previous work in the PEA in respect of the Granite Creek open pit, which remains subject to separate ongoing technical studies and permitting activities by the Company.
(2) All reported mineral reserves for Granite Creek underground are fully attributable to the Company. All reported underground and open pit mineral resources are 100% attributable to the Company with the exception of a fee parcel and certain unpatented mining claims, which resources are 91.67% attributable to the Company.
(3) The Mineral Reserve estimate is based on the Mineral Resource estimate depleted through March 31, 2026. The associated reserve mine plan therefore begins April 1, 2026. For purposes of the economic analysis, the reserve schedule was shifted one month such that the economic model begins May 1, 2026. This timing adjustment does not change the Mineral Reserve inventory, mine plan, or scheduled quantities, and does not result in double counting of production.
(4) This is a non-GAAP measure. Please see the section titled “Non-GAAP Financial Performance Measures” below.
(5) All-in sustaining costs presented exclude the allocation of Lone Tree Plant autoclave refurbishment capital. The Lone Tree autoclave capital allocation of $49.3M has been derived using a $25.97/tonne charge multiplied by the total tonnage processed at Lone Tree (1.90 million tonne).
(6) Pending the successful completion of the refurbishment and commissioning of the Company’s Lone Tree autoclave and carbon-in-leach Plant.
(7) Calculated based on a Base Case scenario of $2,750/oz; includes net profit interest (NPI) and refining. Royalties include a 10% NPI to Gold Royalty Corp. The illustrative NPI interests stated herein do not include the impacts of any future open pit projects on the Property, to which the NPI interest similarly applies. Payments made under the NPI are only made after recovery by the Company of all “recoverable costs” as further described under Chapter 3 of the PFS.
(8) These historical drill results were generated by Homestake Mining Company in 1997 and Pinson Mining Company in 1995 and were not generated by i-80 Gold. The results have been reviewed by Tyler Hill, VP Geology for the Company. No QA/QC data is available for these results, however these holes were found to be acceptable for use in the 2026 Granite Creek open pit resource estimate as conducted by Global Resource Engineering (GRE).
Cautionary Statement Reg
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